Poornaprajna International Journal of Philosophy & Languages (PIJPL)
Journal Title: Poornaprajna International Journal of Philosophy & Languages (PIJPL) Journal Initial: International - Multidisciplinary (Poornaprajna Publication) Journal Abbreviation: PIJPL Crossref DOI: 10.64818/PIJPL.3107.4634 E-ISSN: 3107-4634 Publisher Contact: Poornaprajna Institute of Management, Managed by Udupi Shree Adamaru Matha Education Council, Volakkadu, Udupi - 576101, Karnataka, India Email: contact@poornaprajnapublication.com Country: India Journal Description: Poornaprajna International Journal of Philosophy & Languages (PIJPL) Country of Publication: India Publisher: Poornaprajna Institute of Management Format: Open Access Year of Start: 2024 Indexed and Available from: Google Scholar Frequency: 2 Issues per year Language: English Scope: Multidisciplinary in Philosophy & Languages Article Processing Charge: Free publication Types of Journal: Academic/ Scholarly Journal Open Access: Yes Indexed & Abstracted: Yes Policy: Double blinded Peer Review Publication Ethics: Editorial Ethics Policy as per |C|O|P|E| Review Time: Four to Eight Weeks Approximately Contact & Submission Email: contact@poornaprajnapublication.com Poornaprajna International Journal of Philosophy & Languages (PIJPL) with E-ISSN: 3107-4634 is an online, not-for-profit, Poornaprajna Group, Udupi sponsored free publication, blind peer-reviewed, open-access, quarterly but continuous weekly uploading of accepted papers, plagiarism free, refereed research journal published by Poornaprajna Institute of Management, Udupi, India. PIJPL offers free publication opportunity to its authors, allows to keep Copyright of the scholarly paper with the authors. It provides a global author-centric publishing platform for Professors, Research scholars, academicians, professionals, and students engaged in Research. The main aim of PIJPL is to become the world’s leading Author-Centred fast publication journal that is preferred and trusted by the research community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed, and scientifically developed research articles of international calibre. PIJPL publishes research papers in the field of Philosophy & Languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Kannada, etc. The Journal publishes scholarly articles in English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Kannada, etc. PIJPL accepts exceptional research contribution from the authors in the form of original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, and technical notes. All submissions are also checked for plagiarism. The length of the manuscript must be between five (5) to fifty (50) journal pages excluding references. The journal follows the |C|O|P|E| (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidance while accepting scholarly papers for publication. The Article Processing Charge (APC) subsidized for Faculty Members, Students and Research Scholars of Poornaprajna Group by its Research Fund.
Sacred Geography and Tamil Saivism: Temple, Landscape, and Memory in Thevaram Hymns
Purpose: Thevaram consists of hymns by three Nayanmars (Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar) who praise Shiva and also lay the cement for building a\sacred geography' for the beginning of Tamil Saivism. This paper focuses on Thevaram Hymns and looks at the cross-section of elements of devotion, memory and landscape of Tamil Nadu. The Thevaram song fully and theologically sanctifies the Tamil landscape including rivers, hills, towns, cremation grounds and temples into a living a map of Theolog. The Thevaram anchors abstract religious ideas to a concrete physical location via its notes and descriptions of various the locations. Devotees were then able to experience the Divine in an active (via songs, personal memory and pilgrimages) authentic way. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/ Results: The s o n g s of the Thevaram initiated a highly decentralized, yet simultaneously unified, Shaivism world. This world was a tangible manifestation where the sacred and the profane, the divine and the human, coexisted and interacted within the same geographical loci. This study attempts to illustrate the importance of Thevaram to Indian Knowledge Systems and to contemporary religion as an embodied practice, all within the frameworks of spatial religion, memory studies, and lived theology. Originality/ values: Thevaram's enduring strength is the extent to which it makes the land of Tamil Nadu an active locus of Saiva spiritual imagination. This paper suggests that the Thevaram's 'sacred geography' functions as an 'affective archive' of devotional routinization and the crystallization of communal identity. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Tamil Epics (Silappatikāram and Maṇimēkalai) as Cultural and Political Texts: Law, Justice, Religion, and Urban Life in Early Tamil Society
Purpose: The Tamil epics Silappatikaram and Maṇimēkalai are literary masterpieces. They also have an immense cultural and political significance. They achieved this status by giving considerable information about social and cultural life, legal systems, ethics, and pluralistic religious practices in urban Tamil societies of the time. They were written from the 2nd to the 6th century CE. In this paper, it is focussed on defining the epics from the perspectives of the social order and the urban civilization of Tamil society, the justice and governance systems, and the civil and moral systems. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/ Results: Through the tragic story of Kannagi, the epic Silappatikaram and injustices done to women in society, the author, Ilango Adigal, also brings to the forefront the issues of justice, governance, and the moral responsibility of the king. Silappatikaram criticizes the exercise of arbitrary power. It also gives credence to the rule of law and justice as opposed to the king’s law. Maṇimēkalai, and the author Sīthalai Sāttanār, also brings in the Buddhist ethical doctrine of social compassion and the renunciation of the world, and the positive discourse of social harmony from non-violence and the welfare of all. Originality/ Values: This study examines the intersection of law, religion, and urban institutions in these epics and their influence on the construction of civic imaginaries. Puhār, Madurai, and Kanchi emerge as dynamic cities/ polities of commerce, politics, religion, and social integration/ intermingling. The Tamil epics, the author suggests, serve as the first literary/ imaginative critiques of justice and civic morality. In the end, Silappatikāram and Maṇimēkalai are placed as pivotal works for the commencement of the political thinking and cultural identity of the Tamils. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Dialogic Wisdom: Integrating Upanishadic Debate Technique into 21st-Century Education Systems
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the Upanishadic dialogic method of teaching and learning in contemporary education systems and to explore its applicability in modern classrooms to foster critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and reflective inquiry. Methodology: The research adopts a mixed-method design combining conceptual analysis of ancient Indian pedagogical traditions with an empirical survey conducted among teachers from high schools, pre-university institutions, and undergraduate colleges. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistical methods along with thematic interpretation of qualitative responses. Results/Analysis: The findings indicate that while teachers demonstrate moderate awareness of the Upanishadic dialogic approach, most respondents believe that discussion-based learning can significantly enhance critical thinking, student engagement, and reflective reasoning. The study also reveals that dialogic pedagogies align closely with contemporary educational frameworks such as constructivist learning theory and inquiry-based education. Originality/Value: This study bridges ancient Indian educational philosophy and modern pedagogy by examining how the Upanishadic debate technique can contribute to learner-centered educational reforms, particularly in light of policy frameworks such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Type of Paper: Empirical Research paper.
Bhakti as Vernacular Philosophy in Pre-Trinity Telugu Compositions Traditions
Purpose: The period preceding the Carnatic Trinity represents a formative phase in South Indian musical and devotional history, during which bhakti functioned not merely as emotional piety but as a mode of philosophical articulation. This study examines Telugu devotional music from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries as a sophisticated vehicle for transmitting metaphysical, ethical, and theological ideas to the common devotee. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Results/Analysis: This paper studies the works of Annamacharya, Tallapaka Tirumalamma, Kshetrayya, Bhadrachala Ramadasu, and Narayana Teertha and seeks to establish that Telugu bhakti music represented a parallel alternative philosophical discourse to the śāstric traditions. Surrender (or śaraṇāgati), divinity, ethical selfhood, and emotional realism are components of the vernacular lyrics, musical structures, and performative contexts. Temple worship, court patronage, and public processions (or ucchavrities) facilitated the wide circulation of these compositions and their embedding of philosophy into the lived experience of the religious. By interpreting pre-Trinity Telugu devotional music as a vernacular philosophy, this paper seeks to problematize the impenetrable boundaries of emotion and intellect, devotion and metaphysics. Originality/ Values: The study demonstrates that long before the formal classicism of the Carnatic Trinity, Telugu composers had already established a robust philosophical ecosystem where song functioned as theology, ethics, and pedagogy for the masses. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Comparative Mysticism: Tamil Bhakti Saints and Global Mystical Traditions
Purpose: One of the greatest mystical traditions of the world is the Tamil Bhakti literature. It is literature of devotion focused on inner realization and the unitive experience with the Divine. For instance, this paper presents a comparative study of some Tamil Bhakti saints, primarily the Nāyaṉmār and Āḻvārs, and the global mystical traditions of the Indian subcontinent Sufi, Christian Mysticism, and Zen Buddhism. Being an independent literature with its own theological, historical and cultural frameworks, the Tamil Bhakti literature in this instance, shares the greatest commonality with the aforementioned global mystical traditions. Love, surrender, self-annihilation, and the experiential knowledge of the Divine beyond the prescribed rituals and dogmas are some of the common themes of this literature. Using a comparative mystical approach, this paper illustrates Tamil Bhakti literature’s engagement with a universal mystical tradition while also being anchored in South Indian religious traditions Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/Results: By illustrating how Tamil Bhakti literature mysticism transcends the South Indian religious traditions’ theology, the paper enhances interreligious scholarship by establishing the mysticism’s soteriological grammar of interiority. The paper concludes by placing the Tamil Bhakti saints within a contemporary mystic’s global community, highlighting their relevance to modern search for spirituality and peace. Originality/Values: In the Tamil Bhakti literature, divine intimacy is the central theme, and the literature is characterized by ego-negation, paradoxical statements, and the transcendence of organized religion. It has been documented in the various mystical traditions globally that the Escaped the institution literature love, grace, and experience share a commonality with the Sufi literature on ishq and fanā, Christian literature on agape and unio mystica, and Zen literature on satori. Mystical devotion in a culture, devoted literature and mystical expression in a culture, is often documented. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research
Sivavakkiyar as a Radical Śaiva Mystic: Protest, Paradox, and Spiritual Subversion
Purpose: Sivavakkiyar holds a special, even radical, place in the Tamil traditions of Śaiva mysticism. Commonly linked to the Siddha lineage, his verses serve as a potent counter to ritualism, caste, and religion as an institution. This paper considers Siddha Sivavakkiyar as a radical Śaiva mystic and considers his poetry to be both a form of spiritual teaching and social critique. Sivavakkiyar’s poems advocate for inner, experiential realization of Śiva (uḷḷe śivam) devotion as opposed to scripture-based practice, and external showings of faith, temple attendance, ritual purity, and the many other practices of devotion to the temples. He uses decisive, iconoclastic, and paradoxical poetry. He references the body, communal decay, the impermanent, and the illusory in order to remove false certainty. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Result/ analysis: This paper also incorporates and acknowledges other work to assert that Sivavakkiyar mysticism is also a form of activism in which the critique of an order is fundamental to the attainment of enlightenment. Originality/ Values: Sivavakkiyar is described as a mystic in other works; however, the author of this paper is especially interested in placing Sivavakkiyar outside of the conventions of wider Śaiva Siddha and Tamil Bhakti mysticism. His critique of the caste system and the priest as an agent of mediation in the religious system is a forerunner to other social movements in this part of India and illustrates the social ethics of his mysticism. This study's primary focus is on arguing that the radical mysticism of Sivavakkiyar redefines devotion as an awakening that is more internal as opposed to an external phenomenon. Such an interpretation of his work is particularly pertinent to the present concerns of spirituality, social justice, and the reformation of religion. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
The Puruṣottama Yoga Paradigm: Leveraging Chapter 15 of Bhagavad Gita's World-Tree Metaphor for Global Systems Thinking and Transcendent Ethical Leadership
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to examine the metaphysical architecture of Chapter 15 of the Bhagavad Gita, specifically the Aśvattha (World-Tree) metaphor, as a foundational model for global systems thinking. It analyzes the "Puruṣottama Yoga" paradigm to distinguish between perishable, imperishable, and supreme aspects of reality for diagnosing contemporary global challenges. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of Transcendent Ethical Leadership by leveraging the concept of the "Supreme Person" to move beyond transactional models toward self-actualization and resilient decision-making. Methodology: This qualitative exploratory research utilizes a systematic collection of data from reputable academic repositories, Google Scholar, and AI-driven large language models to ensure a comprehensive information base. The gathered data is rigorously examined through the SWOC and ABCD analysis frameworks to align with the specific research objectives of the study. By integrating these strategic tools with interpretive insights from GPTs, the methodology provides a multi-dimensional evaluation of the Puruṣottama Yoga paradigm. Results/Analysis: The analysis demonstrates that the Aśvattha metaphor provides a robust systemic framework for diagnosing global challenges at their root causes within human consciousness. Through SWOC and ABCD frameworks, the research identifies that the Puruṣottama paradigm effectively shifts leadership from ego-centric power toward a model of transcendent ethical detachment. Ultimately, the study concludes that integrating this "Puruṣottama Ethic" fosters conscious interdependence, offering a viable ontological foundation for global sustainability and peace. Originality/Value: This research case study provides a pioneering bridge between ancient Vedic metaphysics and modern organizational theory by reframing the Aśvattha (World-Tree) metaphor as a sophisticated model for global systems thinking. Its primary value lies in establishing the "Puruṣottama Yoga" paradigm as a robust ontological foundation for Transcendent Ethical Leadership, offering a strategic roadmap to harmonize material sustainability with spiritual flourishing. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Guṇa Traya Vibhāga Yoga - Triguna Theory of the Fourteenth Chapter of Bhagavad Gita for Global Well-being: Deconstructing and Transcending the Modes of Nature for Ethical Evolution and Planetary Harmony
Purpose: The Fourteenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, Guṇa Traya Vibhāga Yoga (The Yoga of the Division of the Three Gunas), is a foundational text of Sāṃkhya philosophy, explaining the three modes of material nature (sattva, rajas, and tamas) that govern all phenomenal existence. It offers a rich framework for analyzing human psychology, behaviour, and the path to liberation. Methodology: This exploratory research case study makes use of collected information from various authentic sources, including websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPTs, and is analyzed using appropriate Analysis frameworks as per the objectives of the paper. Results/Analysis: The qualitative research analysis demonstrates that the Triguna framework serves as a sophisticated diagnostic tool for deconstructing the root psychic causes of global crises by identifying the shifting proportions of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas in human behaviour. The study concludes that conscious guna management facilitates a systematic elevation of consciousness, offering a practical roadmap for individual ethical evolution and the restoration of planetary harmony. Originality/Value: This research case study provides unique value by synthesizing ancient Sāṃkhya philosophy with modern behavioural science to establish a "Guṇa-Based Evolutionary Ethic" for addressing contemporary global crises. It offers high originality through the application of dual strategic frameworks—SWOC and ABCD analysis—to transform metaphysical concepts into an actionable, stakeholder-centric roadmap for fostering planetary harmony and holistic well-being. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña Vibhāga Yoga Framework of the Thirteenth Chapter of Bhagavad Gita for Conscious Leadership and Systemic Ethical Transformation in the 21st Century
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to analyze the metaphysical distinction between the "Field" (Kṣetra) and the "Knower" (Kṣetrajña) as presented in the Thirteenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita to establish a foundation for conscious leadership. It explores the systematic learnings and twenty virtues identified in this framework that facilitate detached engagement and ethical decision-making in 21st-century organizational contexts. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate this conceptual model using SWOC and ABCD analysis methodologies to assess its viability for systemic ethical transformation and global sustainability. Methodology: This exploratory case study draws on information gathered from credible sources such as websites, Google Scholar, and AI-based GPT tools, and analyzes the data using suitable analytical frameworks aligned with the study’s objectives. Results/Analysis: The analysis finds that applying the Kṣetra–Kṣetrajña distinction cultivates detached engagement, enabling leaders to separate ego-driven reactions from conscious, value-based decisions, thereby strengthening ethical judgment and emotional resilience. The SWOC and ABCD evaluations indicate that, despite challenges of abstraction and implementation, the framework has strong potential for conscious leadership development, high-trust ecosystems, and sustainability-oriented governance. Overall, the case study concludes that internalizing “witness-consciousness” can drive systemic ethical transformation from the individual level to organizations and society at large. Originality/Value: The study’s originality lies in translating the Kṣetra–Kṣetrajña metaphysical distinction of the Bhagavad Gita into a practical framework for conscious leadership and systemic ethics using modern strategic tools like SWOC and ABCD analyses. Its value emerges from bridging ancient Vedic ontology with 21st-century organizational, sustainability, and governance challenges, offering a novel pathway for ethical and consciousness-based transformation. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Bhakti and Kingship: Theology, Ethics, and Self-Representation in Swathi Thirunal’s Lyrics
Purpose: Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma (1813–1846), the Maharaja of Travancore, represents a rare confluence of political authority, devotional humility, and musical genius. His lyrical corpus—composed in Sanskrit, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi, and Manipravalam—offers a unique window into how bhakti theology was articulated from within the framework of kingship. This study examines Swathi Thirunal’s compositions as texts of self-representation, where the ruler consciously positions himself not as a sovereign above the divine, but as a dāsa (servant) of Lord Padmanābha. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/ Results: Through close textual and thematic analysis, the paper explores how theological commitments to Viṣṇu-bhakti, ethical ideals of rājarṣi kingship, and personal humility are woven into his kritis and padams. The study further argues that Swathi Thirunal’s lyrics function as moral-political statements, redefining royal power as service (sevā) rather than dominance. By integrating bhakti metaphysics, ethical self-discipline, and aesthetic refinement, his works challenge conventional binaries between devotion and governance. Originality/ Values: This paper situates Swathi Thirunal within broader bhakti traditions while highlighting his distinctive contribution as a ruler-composer whose musical self-fashioning shaped the cultural and spiritual ethos of nineteenth-century Travancore. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Haridāsa Trinity and Democratizing Dvaita Philosophy through Devotional Expressions
Purpose: The Trinity of Haridāsa Sāhitya—Śrī Vyāsa Tīrtha, Purandara Dāsa, and Kanaka Dāsa—played a decisive role in transmitting the core tenets of Dvaita Vedānta to the common people of Karnataka and beyond. Rooted in the philosophical vision of Madhvācārya, their collective contribution lay in transforming abstract metaphysical doctrines into accessible, emotionally resonant, and ethically grounded devotional literature. Vyāsa Tīrtha provided the rigorous scholastic foundation, articulating Dvaita philosophy through debates, commentaries, and institutional leadership. Purandara Dāsa and Kanaka Dāsa, drawing from this philosophical base, employed vernacular Kannada, music, and poetic simplicity to communicate complex ideas such as the eternal distinction between jīva and Brahman, the supremacy of Viṣṇu, and the salvific power of bhakti. Their compositions bridged temple, court, and village spaces, enabling philosophical literacy among non-elite audiences. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Result/ analysis: This study examines how the Trinity functioned as philosopher, pedagogue, and poet-saint, collectively democratizing Dvaita thought. By integrating reason, devotion, and social ethics, the Haridāsa Trinity ensured that Dvaita was not confined to scholastic circles but became a lived spiritual tradition for the masses. Originality/ Values: This paper analyses the Trinitarians of Haridāsa Sāhitya as a philosopher, pedagogue, and poet-saint in order to popularise Dvaita Vedānta. The Haridāsa Sāhitya Trinity of Vyāsa Tīrtha, Purandara Dāsa, and Kanaka Dāsa, through the synthesis of devotion and reason, as well as social and spiritual ethics, ensured the Dvaita Vedānta tradition was lived and practiced beyond the area of mere philosophical speculation. The Haridāsa movement accomplished what few philosophical traditions have: it successfully decoupled profound theological insight from the prerequisites of literacy, caste, gender, or monastic vocation. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Tiruvācakam as Lived Theology: Emotion, Experience, and Śaiva Mysticism
Purpose: Tiruvācakam, composed by Māṇikkavācakar in the 9th century CE, stands as one of the most profound spiritual texts in Tamil Śaiva literature. Unlike doctrinal treatises or systematic theological expositions, Tiruvācakam articulates theology as lived experience—embodied through emotion (bhāva), surrender (śaraṇāgati), and mystical intimacy with Śiva. This study examines Tiruvācakam as a form of lived theology, where spiritual truth is not merely conceptualized but intensely felt, sung, and enacted. Māṇikkavācakar’s verses dissolve the boundaries between devotee and deity, intellect and emotion, ritual and realization. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/ Results: Drawing upon Śaiva Siddhānta, bhakti poetics, and comparative mysticism, the paper argues that Tiruvācakam functions as an experiential theology that prioritizes inner transformation over metaphysical speculation. The text’s recurring motifs of tears, longing, divine grace, and ego-annihilation reveal a theology rooted in personal encounter rather than institutional dogma. Originality/ Values: By situating Tiruvācakam within the broader framework of Tamil bhakti traditions and global mystical literature, this study highlights its enduring relevance as a spiritual manual that integrates ethics, aesthetics, and transcendence. The paper ultimately positions Tiruvācakam as a timeless testament to Tamil spirituality’s capacity to articulate the deepest truths of human-divine communion through lived emotional experience. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
Cultivating the Ideal Citizen: A Modern Analysis of the Bhakti Yoga Framework in Chapter 12 of the Bhagavad Gita for Fostering Global Ethos and Social Harmony
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to argue that the structured path of devotion and virtues outlined in the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita provide a universal framework for cultivating ethical individuals. It aims to demonstrate how this framework serves as a powerful tool for addressing modern societal challenges such as polarization and ethical apathy. Ultimately, the study seeks to guide the development of a conscious, compassionate, and harmonious global society through the analysis of these timeless spiritual principles. Methodology: This qualitative exploratory research utilizes data gathered from a variety of credible sources, such as specialized websites, Google Scholar, and insights from AI-driven GPTs. The collected information is examined through structured analysis frameworks—specifically SWOC and ABCD—to align with the core objectives of the study. By integrating these traditional and modern inquiry methods, the paper ensures a comprehensive evaluation of the Bhakti Yoga framework. Results/Analysis: The results and analysis of this case study demonstrate that the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita establishes a stable foundation for both personal mental resilience and proactive communal harmony. Through strategic SWOC and ABCD methodologies, the research highlights that the Bhakti Yoga framework offers vast opportunities for integration into modern leadership, education, and global policy despite contemporary challenges like materialism. Ultimately, the analysis positions the "Ideal Citizen" as a socially integrated agent whose ego-free actions for universal welfare provide a vital counter-narrative to modern ethical apathy and societal polarization. Originality/Value: This research case study provides original value by synthesizing ancient spiritual principles from the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita with modern strategic analysis frameworks like SWOC and ABCD. It offers a unique, evidence-based roadmap for character education and global citizenship, demonstrating how traditional virtue ethics can be practically re-contextualized to foster social harmony in a contemporary, globalized society. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Vishvarupa Darśana Yoga as a Framework for Global Environmental Ethics: An Analysis of Cosmic Interconnectedness and Its Imperatives for Humanity based on the Eleventh Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to examine the Viśvarūpa Darśana Yoga of the Eleventh Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita as a philosophical and ethical foundation for global environmental responsibility. It seeks to interpret the vision of the Universal Form as a model of cosmic interconnectedness that transcends anthropocentric perspectives and redefines humanity’s moral relationship with nature. By doing so, the study aims to derive ethical imperatives relevant to contemporary environmental challenges and sustainable global action. Methodology: This exploratory case study draws on information gathered from credible sources such as academic websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools. The collected data are systematically examined using appropriate analytical frameworks aligned with the stated objectives of the study. Results/Analysis: The results and analysis of this research reveal that the Viśvarūpa Darśana Yoga offers a robust metaphysical and ethical framework for global environmental ethics by emphasizing radical cosmic interconnectedness and divine immanence. The application of SWOC, ABCD, and impact analysis frameworks demonstrates that the vision of the Universal Form effectively transcends anthropocentric paradigms, fostering reverential accountability, psychological resilience, and sustainable action across individual, societal, and global levels. Overall, the analysis confirms that the Eleventh Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita provides a coherent and value-driven foundation for addressing contemporary ecological challenges through a spiritually grounded, non-anthropocentric ethic. Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in its novel interpretation of the Viśvarūpa Darśana Yoga as a comprehensive, non-anthropocentric framework for global environmental ethics, integrating ancient spiritual wisdom with modern analytical tools such as SWOC, ABCD, and impact analysis. The study adds value by offering a culturally rooted yet globally relevant ethical model that bridges philosophy, ecology, and sustainability, thereby enriching contemporary environmental discourse with a spiritually grounded perspective. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Seeing the Divine in the World: The Vibhuti Yoga of the Tenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita as a Framework for Sacramental Vision and Ecological Ethics
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to examine the Vibhuti Yoga of the Tenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita as a philosophical framework for cultivating a sacramental vision that perceives the divine as immanent within the natural and social world. It seeks to interpret how Krishna’s enumeration of divine manifestations provides a non-utilitarian ethical foundation for ecological responsibility, mental well-being, and value-based human conduct. Further, the study aims to contextualize these insights for contemporary society by systematically evaluating their relevance and applicability through qualitative exploratory analysis and strategic frameworks such as SWOC and ABCD. Methodology: This qualitative exploratory case study draws upon information gathered from a range of credible sources, including scholarly databases such as Google Scholar, relevant academic websites, and insights generated through AI-driven GPT tools. The collected data are systematically examined using suitable analytical frameworks aligned with the stated objectives of the study. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the Vibhuti Yoga of the Tenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita effectively functions as a practical framework for cultivating a sacramental vision, enabling individuals to perceive divine immanence in natural, human, and cosmic excellence. The application of SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks demonstrates that this vision significantly strengthens ecological ethics, psychological well-being, and value-based conduct by shifting human orientation from exploitation to reverence. Overall, the findings confirm that Vibhuti Yoga offers a coherent, non-utilitarian ethical model with strong relevance for contemporary environmental consciousness, education, and societal transformation. Originality/Value: The originality of this research case study lies in its integrative reinterpretation of Vibhuti Yoga as a contemporary framework for sacramental vision and ecological ethics, systematically bridging classical Indian philosophy with modern ethical, psychological, and environmental discourses. Its value is further enhanced by the novel application of SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks to a sacred text, offering a structured, interdisciplinary model that extends the relevance of the Bhagavad Gita beyond theology into education, policy, and sustainability studies. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Sacramental Vision and Ecological Ethics
The Democratization of the Divine: A Critical Analysis of Inclusivity, Grace, and Social Ethics in Chapter Nine of the Bhagavad Gita through Raja Vidya Raja Guhya Yoga
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to critically analyze the theological and ethical propositions within Chapter Nine of the Bhagavad Gita, known as the Raja Vidya Raja Guhya Yoga. It specifically aims to examine how the chapter’s principles of divine immanence, grace (prasada), and radical inclusivity propose a democratized spiritual path and a transformative social ethic. The study seeks to systematically evaluate this potential using structured analytical frameworks (SWOC and ABCD) to derive its implications for individual practitioners, communities, and broader society. Methodology: Employing a qualitative, exploratory design, this research integrates a systematic review of scholarly literature sourced from academic databases, including Google Scholar, with supplementary insights from AI-assisted analysis. The collected data is systematically examined using the SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Challenges) and multi-stakeholder ABCD (Advantages, Benefits, Constraints, Disadvantages) analysis frameworks to holistically address the stated objectives of the paper. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that Chapter Nine of the Bhagavad Gita provides a profound theological basis for the democratization of spiritual access, explicitly extending the promise of liberation to all individuals regardless of social or ritual status. Through frameworks such as SWOC and ABCD analysis, the chapter’s teachings are shown to foster psychological empowerment, ethical integrity, and social cohesion while also highlighting practical challenges like interpretive tensions and risks of passive misinterpretation. Ultimately, the study concludes that the Raja Vidya Raja Guhya Yoga offers a transformative ethical framework capable of inspiring inclusive social ethics and meaningful interfaith dialogue in contemporary contexts. Originality/Value: This research uniquely applies contemporary strategic frameworks—SWOC and ABCD analysis—to a classical theological text, bridging ancient spiritual discourse with modern analytical rigor. The study offers significant value by reframing Chapter Nine of the Bhagavad Gita as a source for inclusive social ethics, providing a practical, text-grounded model for addressing issues of dignity, equity, and spiritual democratization in both scholarly and applied contexts. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Conscious Living and Dying: The Soteriology of the Final Thought through Akshara Brahma Yoga in the Bhagavad Gita's Eighth Chapter
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to conduct a detailed textual and philosophical analysis of the Akshara Brahma Yoga from the Bhagavad Gita's Eighth Chapter. It aims to explore the chapter’s unique framework for conscious living and dying, focusing on the doctrine of the "final thought" and its soteriological implications. Additionally, the study systematically evaluates the applicability and impact of these teachings for the modern individual and society using structured analytical frameworks like SWOC and ABCD. Methodology: This exploratory research employs a qualitative case study design, drawing on data from a range of credible sources such as academic databases, scholarly publications, and AI-driven language models. The collected information is then systematically examined through established analytical frameworks, including SWOC and ABCD analysis, to effectively address the study's objectives. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the Akshara Brahma Yoga framework provides a structured science of consciousness, linking lifelong spiritual practice directly to the soul's destiny at death. Key findings from the SWOC and ABCD analyses highlight its strengths in offering existential solace and ethical motivation, while also identifying challenges such as its non-falsifiable nature and the high demand for disciplined practice. Ultimately, the framework is shown to be a transformative tool for conscious living, empowering individuals and communities to reframe mortality as a purposeful transition. Originality/Value: This research offers original value by systematically applying contemporary analytical frameworks like SWOC and ABCD to the ancient teachings of the Bhagavad Gita's Eighth Chapter, a novel approach in philosophical studies. It thereby provides a structured, multi-stakeholder evaluation of the chapter's relevance, translating its esoteric wisdom into practical insights for modern conscious living and dying. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Theology of Immanence in the Seventh Chapter of Bhagavad Gita: A Framework for Global Well-being and Ethical Conduct through Jnana-Vijnana Yoga
Purpose: This research case study aims to interpret the theology of divine immanence presented in the seventh chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, known as Jnana-Vijnana Yoga. It seeks to analyze how the integration of metaphysical knowledge (Jnana) and realized wisdom (Vijnana) provides a holistic framework for ethical conduct and global well-being. The purpose is to translate these ancient theological principles into actionable models for modern challenges in leadership, sustainability, and personal development. Methodology: This exploratory research case study synthesizes data from a range of credible sources, such as academic databases like Google Scholar, verified websites, and AI-driven GPT analytical tools. The collected information is then systematically examined using appropriate analytical frameworks, including SWOC and ABCD analysis, to align with the study's specific objectives. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the theology of divine immanence in the Bhagavad Gita’s seventh chapter provides a coherent framework integrating metaphysical knowledge (Jnana) with realized wisdom (Vijnana), fostering ethical conduct and ecological responsibility. Through structured SWOC and ABCD analyses, the study identifies key strengths—such as universal applicability and psychological resilience—alongside practical challenges like philosophical complexity and cultural translation. These insights affirm the chapter’s potential to inform sustainable models of leadership, governance, and global well-being by reorienting human action toward reverence for the interconnectedness of all life. Originality/Value: This research offers an original contribution by systematically applying modern analytical frameworks like SWOC and ABCD analysis to the ancient theological principles of the Bhagavad Gita's seventh chapter. Its value lies in translating the esoteric concepts of Jnana-Vijnana Yoga into an actionable, universal model for ethical leadership, ecological responsibility, and global well-being in the contemporary world. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Mastering the Inner World: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Dhyana Yoga in Chapter 6 of the Bhagavad Gita as a Foundation for Global Well-being
Purpose: To conduct a multi-dimensional exploration of Dhyana Yoga as presented in Chapter 6 of the Bhagavad Gita, examining its philosophical, psychological, and ethical dimensions as a pathway to inner mastery and global well-being. It aims to deconstruct the chapter’s principles using SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks to assess their practical relevance and transformative potential in modern life. The study seeks to demonstrate how the Gita’s meditative discipline can serve as a universal foundation for individual growth, social harmony, and sustainable global peace Methodology: This exploratory research case study utilizes information gathered from credible sources such as websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools. The collected data is systematically examined using suitable analytical frameworks aligned with the study’s objectives. Results/Analysis: The analysis of the research case study reveals that Dhyana Yoga from Chapter 6 of the Bhagavad Gita serves as a comprehensive framework for inner mastery and psychological well-being. Using SWOC and ABCD analytical models, the study identifies its strengths in promoting mental balance, self-regulation, and ethical consciousness while recognizing challenges like accessibility and modern distractions. Overall, the findings highlight Dhyana Yoga as a timeless methodology that integrates spirituality, psychology, and ethical living to foster both personal transformation and global harmony. Originality/Value: The originality and value of this research case study lie in its integrative, multi-dimensional approach that bridges ancient wisdom with modern analytical frameworks. By applying SWOC and ABCD models to Dhyana Yoga in Chapter 6 of the Bhagavad Gita, it provides a structured evaluation of its philosophical, psychological, and ethical dimensions. The study’s unique contribution is in demonstrating how the Gita’s meditative principles can be reinterpreted as a universal model for mental mastery, ethical leadership, and global well-being in the 21st century. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Unified Path to Inner Sovereignty: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Karma Sannyasa in the Fifth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to conduct a holistic and multi-dimensional analysis of the fifth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, known as Karma Sannyasa Yoga. It aims to deconstruct the chapter's central thesis—the identity of the paths of knowledge and action—using the SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks. Ultimately, the study seeks to evaluate the transformative potential of this philosophy on individual autonomy and societal well-being, offering actionable insights for future generations. Methodology: This exploratory research employs a qualitative case study design, synthesizing data gathered from a range of credible sources such as academic databases, reputable websites, and AI-driven language models. The collected information is systematically examined through the application of established analytical frameworks, namely SWOC and ABCD analysis, to effectively address the study's stated objectives. Results/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the application of SWOC and ABCD frameworks to the fifth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita demonstrates the profound practicality of Karma Sannyasa Yoga, identifying key strengths such as psychological liberation and stress reduction, alongside challenges like its perceived difficulty and risk of misinterpretation. From a stakeholder perspective, the philosophy offers significant advantages like inner freedom and ethical clarity for the individual, while also presenting potential disadvantages such as social misunderstanding. Ultimately, the study confirms the chapter's core thesis, establishing Karma Sannyasa as a transformative, internally-sourced ethics that enables full worldly engagement while cultivating unshakable inner sovereignty. Originality/Value: This research offers significant originality by applying contemporary strategic management frameworks—SWOC and ABCD analysis—to the ancient philosophical discourse of the Bhagavad Gita's fifth chapter, a novel methodological approach not commonly found in existing literature. The study provides substantial value by translating the esoteric principles of Karma Sannyasa into a practical, stakeholder-centric ethics, demonstrating its transformative potential for achieving inner sovereignty and purposeful engagement in modern life. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Cosmic Blueprint for Ethical Action: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Jnana Karma Sannyasa in the Fourth Chapter of Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to systematically analyze the philosophical tenets of Jnana Karma Sannyasa Yoga as presented in the fourth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita. It aims to explore the synthesis of knowledge, action, and renunciation, and to evaluate their practical implications for modern ethical and spiritual living. Furthermore, the study seeks to assess the transformative potential and contemporary relevance of this integrated path using structured analytical frameworks like SWOC and ABCD. Methodology: This exploratory case study draws on information from reliable sources such as websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPTs, analyzing the data through suitable frameworks aligned with the paper’s objectives. Results/Analysis: The SWOC and ABCD analysis reveals that Jnana Karma Sannyasa Yoga is a transformative, integrated path that resolves the tension between worldly action and spiritual renunciation. The core result is the establishment of a "new ethics" where morality is rooted in the individual's purified intellect (buddhi) and selfless motive, making action itself a non-binding sacrifice (yajna). This comprehensive framework demonstrates its enduring relevance by offering a psychological blueprint for individual resilience and a theological basis for collective ethical renewal and sustainable global living. Originality/Value: This research provides unique originality and value by employing SWOC and ABCD frameworks to analyze the philosophical tenets of Jnana Karma Sannyasa Yoga, moving the discourse from pure exegesis to a multi-dimensional, actionable appraisal. It offers a critical and pragmatic evaluation of the fourth chapter's integrated path, establishing its modern relevance as a comprehensive ethical blueprint for individual resilience and global ethical renewal. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.
Paths of knowledge (jnana) and action (karma)
The Dharma of Engaged Living: A Multi-Framework Analysis of Karma Yoga in Chapter 3 of the Bhagavad Gita for the Modern World
Purpose: The purpose of this research analysis is to systematically evaluate the applicability of the Karma Yoga philosophy from Chapter 3 of the Bhagavad Gita to contemporary life. It employs structured analytical frameworks, namely SWOC and ABCD, to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of this ethical system from multiple stakeholder perspectives. The analysis ultimately aims to translate ancient spiritual wisdom into a practical, multi-level framework for addressing modern challenges such as burnout, ethical leadership, and the search for meaning. Methodology: This exploratory study employs a qualitative research design, utilizing data gathered from a comprehensive review of literature sourced from academic databases such as Google Scholar, reputable websites, and insights from AI-driven analytical tools. The collected information is systematically examined using SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks to effectively address the stated research objectives. Result/Analysis: The research analysis reveals that the principles of Karma Yoga from Chapter 3 of the Bhagavad Gita offer a robust ethical and psychological framework highly applicable to modern challenges such as burnout, ethical leadership, and work-life balance. Through a structured SWOC and ABCD analysis, the study identifies key strengths like stress reduction and intrinsic motivation, while also acknowledging practical challenges such as misinterpretation and cultural compatibility. Ultimately, the findings position Karma Yoga as a sustainable model for personal well-being and social harmony, bridging ancient wisdom with contemporary needs. Originality/Value: This research offers originality by applying structured business analysis frameworks—SWOC and ABCD—to the ancient philosophy of Karma Yoga, providing a novel, multi-stakeholder perspective on its contemporary relevance. Its value lies in translating timeless spiritual principles into practical insights for modern challenges such as ethical leadership, mental well-being, and sustainable living, thereby bridging philosophical wisdom with actionable strategies for individuals and organizations. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research Analysis.
The Blueprint for Conscious Living: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Nishkama Karma and Stitha-Prajna in the Second Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to conduct a multi-dimensional examination of the philosophical concepts of Nishkama Karma (selfless action) and Stitha-prajna (steadfast wisdom) as presented in the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita. It aims to analyze their relevance as a practical blueprint for conscious living in contemporary contexts, including leadership, psychology, and ethics. The study seeks to bridge ancient spiritual wisdom and modern life challenges through structured analytical frameworks. Methodology: This exploratory case study employs a rigorous methodology, gathering data from authoritative sources such as academic databases (e.g., Google Scholar), reputable websites, and AI-assisted GPT models. The collected information is systematically evaluated using established analytical frameworks, including SWOC and ABCD analysis, to align with the research objectives and ensure a comprehensive examination of the subject matter. Result/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the principles of Nishkama Karma and Stitha-prajna offer significant strengths, such as fostering mental resilience and ethical leadership, while also presenting challenges like misinterpretation and cultural adaptation. The SWOC and ABCD frameworks highlight their potential to promote sustainable motivation, conflict resolution, and holistic well-being across individual, organizational, and societal levels. The findings affirm the timeless relevance of the Bhagavad Gita’s second chapter as a guide for purposeful and balanced living. Originality/Value: This research contributes originality by applying contemporary analytical frameworks like SWOC and ABCD to ancient philosophical concepts, offering a structured evaluation of their modern applicability. The study provides practical insights for individuals, leaders, and communities seeking to integrate timeless wisdom into today’s complex ethical and psychological landscapes.
Arjuna's Dilemma as a Universal Paradigm: A Multi-Framework Analysis of Ethics, Impact, and Future Pathways in the First Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to critically re-evaluate the first chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna Vishada Yoga, moving beyond its traditional perception as a mere narrative prelude. It employs the SWOC and ABCD analytical frameworks to deconstruct Arjuna's ethical crisis, examining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges from multiple stakeholder perspectives. Ultimately, the study aims to establish this chapter as a foundational paradigm for a "new ethics" and derive actionable insights for navigating complex moral dilemmas in contemporary life. Methodology: This exploratory research case study makes use of collected information from various authentic sources, including websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPTs, and is analyzed using appropriate Analysis frameworks as per the objectives of the paper. Result/Analysis: The analysis reveals that the first chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna Vishada Yoga, is a sophisticated ethical treatise rather than a mere narrative prelude. Through the application of SWOC and ABCD frameworks, the chapter is shown to deconstruct conventional ethics, highlighting the limitations of attachment-based and consequence-driven decision-making. The study concludes that the chapter establishes the foundation for a "new ethics" of conscious duty, equanimity, and higher purpose, offering a timeless, universal paradigm for resolving complex moral crises. Originality/Value: This research analysis offers significant originality by applying contemporary strategic frameworks like SWOC and ABCD to the first chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, a novel approach that reframes Arjuna’s dejection as a structured ethical and psychological case study. Its value lies in translating ancient philosophical discourse into actionable insights for modern leadership, moral decision-making, and personal development, thereby bridging classical wisdom with contemporary interdisciplinary application. Type of the Paper: Exploratory Research Analysis.
Philosophy of Language in Digital Age: Rethinking Communication and Meaning
Purpose: The digital age has transformed the way humans use, interpret, and experience language. Traditional philosophical concerns—such as meaning, reference, truth, and communication—must now be re-examined in the context of new linguistic practices shaped by digital technologies. Social media platforms, artificial intelligence, emojis, memes, and algorithm-driven interactions have introduced novel forms of expression that challenge conventional theories of semantics and pragmatics. This paper explores the philosophical implications of digital communication, focusing on how meaning is constructed, negotiated, and altered in virtual spaces. It examines the interplay between brevity and nuance in online discourse, the impact of anonymity and identity fluidity on speech acts, and the ethical dimensions of language mediated by algorithms. Results/Analysis: The digital age has not only revolutionized the tools of communication but also redefined the very nature of linguistic interaction. Classical philosophy of language, grounded in speech and text, must now be reinterpreted in light of digital practices that are multimodal, fragmented, and technologically mediated. Meaning today is not limited to words alone; it is constructed through symbols, images, hashtags, and even silence within algorithmically curated platforms. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Originality/Values: The study engages with contemporary questions of authenticity, misinformation, and linguistic creativity in digital environments. By bridging classical philosophy of language with the realities of digital communication, the paper argues for an expanded framework that accounts for multimodal, networked, and technologically mediated forms of meaning-making. Ultimately, rethinking language in the digital age offers not only a deeper understanding of communication but also an opportunity to develop more ethical and inclusive linguistic practices in a rapidly evolving world.
The Greatness of Kannada as a Distinctive Language and Literature: A Cultural and Literary Legacy
Purpose: The Kannada language, one of the oldest Dravidian tongues, boasts a literary heritage dating back over 1,500 years. This paper explores the linguistic richness, literary evolution, and cultural significance of Kannada as an independent language. From the classical works of Pampa, Ranna, and Harihara to the revolutionary voice of Kuvempu and the Navodaya movement, Kannada literature reflects a dynamic interplay of spirituality, politics, and social consciousness. The language has adapted gracefully through changing epochs, from ancient inscriptions to modern digital expressions. By examining key literary milestones, poetic styles, and philosophical discourses embedded in Kannada literature, this paper affirms its integral and independent role in shaping South Indian identity and aesthetics. Kannada's designation as a classical language is not merely honorific but a scholarly recognition of its antiquity and creative vitality. Methodology: The exploratory qualitative research method is used here. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Analysis/ Results: The greatness of the Kannada language and literature lies in its rich history, cultural significance, and enduring relevance. From its ancient roots to its contemporary expressions, Kannada has evolved into an independent, vibrant medium of artistic and intellectual exploration. Originality/ Values: Kannada literature encompasses a wide array of genres, including poetry, prose, drama, and folk narratives. The richness of this literary tradition is evident in its diverse forms, which reflect the cultural and social dynamics of Karnataka.
Ekam Sat: Reinterpreting Vedic Unity in Pluralistic Contexts of Contemporary Discourse
Purpose: The phrase Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti from the Rig Veda (1.164.46) conveys the profound truth that while ultimate reality is singular, it is perceived and interpreted in multiple ways. This principle of unity in diversity has shaped religious pluralism, philosophical discourse, and ethical frameworks across civilizations. In the contemporary world, where divisions based on religion, politics, and ideology persist, Ekam Sat offers a unifying perspective that transcends superficial differences and fosters global harmony. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Results/Analysis: The consequences of Ekam Sat impact global ethics by stressing fundamental human rights, social equity, and eco-friendly responsibilities. Understanding the world as a single whole system fosters sustainable action, collaboration, and shared duty for the welfare of all people. In politics, it demands the adoption of policies that foster unity, acceptance, and peaceful coexistence instead of wars and divisive conflict. Originality/ Values: This study explores the philosophical, religious, and scientific implications of Ekam Sat, emphasizing its relevance in modern society. From interfaith dialogue and global ethics to scientific inquiry and environmental consciousness, this concept holds the potential to bridge ideological gaps and cultivate mutual respect. By analysing its historical significance and contemporary applications, this paper highlights Ekam Sat as a timeless principle guiding humanity towards unity, coexistence, and enlightenment.
Comparing Upanishadic Moksha with Buddhist Nirvana: A Philosophical Inquiry
Purpose: The concepts of Moksha (liberation) in Upanishadic thought and Nirvana in Buddhism represent the ultimate spiritual goals in Hinduism and Buddhism, respectively. While both traditions emphasize the cessation of suffering and transcendence of worldly existence, their metaphysical foundations, epistemological approaches, and soteriological frameworks differ significantly. This paper explores the philosophical similarities and differences between Moksha and Nirvana, examining their views on self (Ātman vs. Anātman), the nature of reality, liberation, and the role of knowledge and meditation in attaining the ultimate state. Methodology: This study employs a comparative textual analysis of: Hindu primary texts – Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Brahma Sutras Buddhist canonical texts – Pali Canon (Dhammapada, Sutta Pitaka), Mahayana Sutras (Heart Sutra, Lankavatara Sutra) Commentarial traditions – Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta, Nāgārjuna’s Madhyamaka, Theravāda Abhidhamma The research also integrates philosophical hermeneutics, analyzing the interpretations of modern scholars such as Radhakrishnan, D. T. Suzuki, and Richard Gombrich on the subject of liberation. Results/Analysis: While the metaphysical frameworks of Hinduism and Buddhism differ, their practical approaches to spiritual development share many commonalities. The emphasis on meditation, ethical living, and the transcendence of ego provides a common ground between these traditions. Originality/ values: The study also evaluates Advaita Vedanta's non-dualistic interpretation of Moksha and Theravāda and Mahāyāna perspectives on Nirvana, highlighting areas of convergence and divergence. By comparing these profound spiritual doctrines, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of liberation across two of the world’s most influential philosophical traditions. Type of paper: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper.
The Upanishadic Vision of Global Harmony: Non-Duality as a Solution to Cultural and Political Polarization
Purpose: In an era marked by cultural fragmentation, political polarization, and social conflicts, the ancient wisdom of the Upanishads offers profound insights into fostering global harmony. Central to Upanishadic philosophy is the concept of Advaita (non-duality), which asserts the fundamental unity of all existence, transcending superficial distinctions of race, religion, nationality, and ideology. This paper explores how non-dualistic thought, as articulated in key Upanishadic texts like the Chandogya Upanishad and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, can provide a philosophical framework for addressing modern divisions. By emphasizing the shared essence of humanity (Ātman) and its inseparable connection to the universal consciousness (Brahman), Advaita promotes values of inclusivity, empathy, and coexistence. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Result/ analysis: By integrating Upanishadic wisdom with modern socio-political practices, we can envision a world where differences are honoured, conflicts are resolved through understanding, and humanity moves closer to the realization of its shared destiny. Originality/ Values: The study examines the applicability of these principles in contemporary contexts, including intercultural dialogue, peacebuilding initiatives, and conflict resolution strategies. By bridging ancient metaphysical insights with modern socio-political realities, this research aims to present non-duality as a transformative approach to achieving global peace and social cohesion. Type of Paper: Exploratory Research.
The Concept of Self in Advaita Vedanta and Western Idealism: A Comparative Analysis of the Advaitic Idea of Atman-Brahman Identity with Immanuel Kant’s Transcendental Idealism or Hegel’s Absolute Idealism
Purpose: This study explores the concept of self in Advaita Vedanta and Western Idealism, focusing on the Atman-Brahman identity in Shankara’s non-dualism and its parallels with Immanuel Kant’s Transcendental Idealism and Hegel’s Absolute Idealism. Advaita posits that the individual self (Atman) is identical to the ultimate reality (Brahman), transcending empirical distinctions. Kant, on the other hand, distinguishes between the phenomenal self (subject to experience) and the noumenal self (unknowable in itself), while Hegel’s Absolute Idealism envisions reality as an evolving self-conscious unity. This paper analyzes how each system conceptualizes self-awareness, reality, and ultimate knowledge, evaluating their epistemological and metaphysical frameworks. Methodology: In this paper, the exploratory qualitative research method is used. The relevant information is collected using keyword-based search in Google search engine, Google Scholar search engine, and AI-driven GPTs. This information is analysed and interpreted as per the objectives of the paper. Results/ Analysis: While Advaita emphasizes pure consciousness (Chaitanya) as the essence of self, Western Idealism approaches selfhood through dialectical reasoning and synthesis. Originality/ Values: This comparative analysis highlights convergences and divergences in their understanding of self, perception, and ultimate reality.